JavaScript Operators

JavaScript operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. JavaScript supports several types of operators, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, and more.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;

let sum = a + b; // Addition
let difference = a - b; // Subtraction
let product = a * b; // Multiplication
let quotient = a / b; // Division
let remainder = a % b; // Modulus

console.log(sum); // Output: 15
console.log(difference); // Output: 5
console.log(product); // Output: 50
console.log(quotient); // Output: 2
console.log(remainder); // Output: 0

2. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to variables.

let x = 10;
x += 5; // x = x + 5
x -= 3; // x = x - 3
x *= 2; // x = x * 2
x /= 4; // x = x / 4
x %= 2; // x = x % 2

console.log(x); // Output: 1

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean result.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;

console.log(a == b); // Equal to (false)
console.log(a != b); // Not equal to (true)
console.log(a === b); // Strict equal to (false)
console.log(a !== b); // Strict not equal to (true)
console.log(a > b); // Greater than (true)
console.log(a < b); // Less than (false)
console.log(a >= b); // Greater than or equal to (true)
console.log(a <= b); // Less than or equal to (false)

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions.

let a = true;
let b = false;

console.log(a && b); // Logical AND (false)
console.log(a || b); // Logical OR (true)
console.log(!a); // Logical NOT (false)

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations on binary representations of numbers.

let a = 5; // 0101 in binary
let b = 1; // 0001 in binary

console.log(a & b); // Bitwise AND (0001, Output: 1)
console.log(a | b); // Bitwise OR (0101, Output: 5)
console.log(a ^ b); // Bitwise XOR (0100, Output: 4)
console.log(~a); // Bitwise NOT (1010, Output: -6)
console.log(a << 1); // Left shift (1010, Output: 10)
console.log(a >> 1); // Right shift (0010, Output: 2)

6. String Operators

The + operator can also be used to concatenate (combine) strings.

let firstName = "John";
let lastName = "Doe";

let fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;

console.log(fullName); // Output: John Doe

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

The conditional operator assigns a value to a variable based on a condition.

let age = 18;
let isAdult = (age >= 18) ? "Yes" : "No";

console.log(isAdult); // Output: Yes

8. Type Operators

Type operators are used to identify the type of a variable or object.

let name = "John";
let age = 30;
let isStudent = true;

console.log(typeof name); // Output: string
console.log(typeof age); // Output: number
console.log(typeof isStudent); // Output: boolean

9. Logical Nullish Assignment

The logical nullish assignment operator (??=) only assigns a value to a variable if it is null or undefined.

let x = null;
x ??= 10;

let y = 5;
y ??= 10;

console.log(x); // Output: 10
console.log(y); // Output: 5

By understanding and using these operators, you can write more efficient and effective JavaScript code.