JavaScript Arithmetic

JavaScript provides several arithmetic operators to perform mathematical operations. These include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, increment, and decrement.

1. Addition

The addition operator (+) adds two numbers together.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;
let sum = a + b;

console.log(sum); // Output: 15

2. Subtraction

The subtraction operator (-) subtracts one number from another.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;
let difference = a - b;

console.log(difference); // Output: 5

3. Multiplication

The multiplication operator (*) multiplies two numbers together.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;
let product = a * b;

console.log(product); // Output: 50

4. Division

The division operator (/) divides one number by another.

let a = 10;
let b = 5;
let quotient = a / b;

console.log(quotient); // Output: 2

5. Modulus

The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder when one number is divided by another.

let a = 10;
let b = 3;
let remainder = a % b;

console.log(remainder); // Output: 1

6. Increment

The increment operator (++) increases a number by one.

let a = 10;
a++;

console.log(a); // Output: 11

7. Decrement

The decrement operator (--) decreases a number by one.

let a = 10;
a--;

console.log(a); // Output: 9

8. Exponentiation

The exponentiation operator (**) raises the first operand to the power of the second operand.

let a = 2;
let b = 3;
let power = a ** b;

console.log(power); // Output: 8

9. Compound Assignment

JavaScript also supports compound assignment operators that combine an arithmetic operation with assignment.

let a = 10;
a += 5; // Equivalent to a = a + 5
a -= 3; // Equivalent to a = a - 3
a *= 2; // Equivalent to a = a * 2
a /= 4; // Equivalent to a = a / 4
a %= 2; // Equivalent to a = a % 2

console.log(a); // Output: 1

10. Order of Operations

JavaScript follows the standard order of operations, also known as operator precedence, when evaluating expressions.

let result = 10 + 5 * 2; // Multiplication before addition
console.log(result); // Output: 20

result = (10 + 5) * 2; // Parentheses change the order of operations
console.log(result); // Output: 30

11. Arithmetic with Strings

When arithmetic operators are used with strings, JavaScript attempts to convert the strings to numbers.

let a = "10";
let b = "5";

let sum = a + b; // String concatenation
console.log(sum); // Output: "105"

let difference = a - b; // Subtraction with conversion to numbers
console.log(difference); // Output: 5

let product = a * b; // Multiplication with conversion to numbers
console.log(product); // Output: 50

let quotient = a / b; // Division with conversion to numbers
console.log(quotient); // Output: 2

By understanding and using these arithmetic operators, you can perform a wide range of mathematical operations in JavaScript.